Monitor fluid kunwa kuburikidza nekutengesa mabhodhoro emvura akangwara

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Kudya kwemvura kwakakosha kudzivirira kupera mvura uye kuderedza matombo eitsvo anodzokororwa.Pakave nemaitiro mumakore achangopfuura ekugadzira maturusi ekutarisa kudyiwa kwemvura uchishandisa "smart" zvigadzirwa semabhodhoro akangwara.Kune akati wandei ekutengesa akangwara mabhodhoro emwana anowanikwa, anonyanya kuitirwa vanhu vakuru vane hanya nezvehutano.Sekuziva kwedu, mabhodhoro aya haana kusimbiswa mumabhuku.Chidzidzo ichi chakaenzanisa kushanda uye kushanda kwemabhodhoro mana ekudyisa akangwara anotengeswa.Mabhodhoro acho H2OPal, HidrateSpark Steel, HidrateSpark 3 uye Thermos Smart Lid.One mazana ezviitiko zvekupinza pabhodhoro zvakanyorwa uye zvakaongororwa uye zvichienzaniswa nechokwadi chepasi chakawanikwa kubva pachiyero chepamusoro-chepamusoro.H2OPal ine yakaderera mean percent error (MPE) uye inokwanisa kuenzanisa zvikanganiso mumasips akawanda.HidrateSpark 3 inopa mhinduro dzakanyanya uye dzakavimbika nemhosho dzeMPE dzemabhodhoro eHidrateSpark dzakavandudzwa zvakare dzichishandiswa kudzoreredza mutsara sezvo dzaive nemhosho dzemunhu mumwe chete dzinoenderana.Thermos Smart Lid ndiyo yaive isina kurongeka, sezvo sensor haina kuenderera mberi kwese. bhodhoro, zvichiita kuti zvinyorwa zvakawanda zvirasike.
Kupera kwemvura idambudziko rakakomba zvikuru nokuti rinogona kutungamirira kumatambudziko akashata, kusanganisira kuvhiringidzika, kuwira, kuchipatara, uye kufa.Fluid intake balance inokosha, kunyanya kune vakwegura vakwegura uye vanhu vane mamiriro ehutano ehutano anokanganisa kugadzirisa kwemvura.Varwere vari pangozi yekudzoka zvakare. kugadzirwa kwematombo kunorayirwa kuti adye mvura yakawanda.Saka, kutarisa kunwa kwemvura inzira inobatsira yekuona kana mvura yakakwana inotorwa1,2.Kune zvakawanda zvakaedza mumabhuku kugadzira mishumo yezvirongwa kana zvigadzirwa zvinogona kubatsira kutevera. uye kutarisira kunwa kwemvura.Zvinosuruvarisa, zvizhinji zvezvidzidzo izvi hazvina kuunza chigadzirwa chekutengesa.Mabhodhoro pamusika anonyanya kutarisana nevatambi venhandaro kana kuti vanhu vakuru vane hutano vanotarisa kuwedzera hydration.Muchinyorwa chino, tine chinangwa chekuona kana zvakajairika , mabhodhoro emvura anowanikwa mune zvekutengesa ndiwo mhinduro inoshanda kune vatsvakurudzi nevarwere.Takaenzanisa mabhodhoro mana emvura yekutengeserana maererano nekushanda uye kushanda.Mabhodhoro acho HidrateSpark 34, HidrateSpark Steel5, H2O Pal6 uye Thermos Smart Lid7 sezvinoratidzwa muMufananidzo 1.Mabhodhoro aya. akasarudzwa nekuti ari mamwe emabhodhoro mana akakurumbira ayo ari (1) anotengwa kuCanada uye (2) ane sip volume data inowanikwa kuburikidza nenharembozha.
Mifananidzo yemabhodhoro ekutengeserana akaongororwa: (a) HidrateSpark 34, (b) HidrateSpark Steel5, (c) H2OPal6, (d) Thermos Smart Lid7.Bhokisi rakatsvuka rinoratidza nzvimbo ye sensor.
Pakati pemabhodhoro ari pamusoro apa, shanduro dzakapfuura dzeHidrateSpark dzakasimbiswa mukutsvakurudza8.Chidzidzo chacho chakawana kuti bhodhoro reHidrateSpark rakanga rakarurama mukati me3% yekuyera kudyiwa kwese kwemaawa makumi maviri nemana ekunwa mvura.HidrateSpark yakashandiswawo mune zvidzidzo zvekliniki. kutarisa kunwa kwevarwere vane itsvo matombo9.Kubva ipapo, HidrateSpark yakagadzira mabhodhoro matsva ane sensors dzakasiyana-siyana.H2OPal yakashandiswa mune zvimwe zvidzidzo kutevera uye kukurudzira kunwa kwemvura, asi hapana zvidzidzo zvakananga zvakasimbisa kushanda kwayo2,10.Pletcher et al. Iwo ma geriatric maficha uye ruzivo rwuripo pamhepo rwakafananidzwa kune akati wandei mabhodhoro ekutengesa, asi ivo havana kuita chero humbowo hwekurongeka kwavo11.
Ese mabhodhoro mana ekutengesa anosanganisira yemahara proprietary app yekuratidza nekuchengetedza zviitiko zvekupinza zvinofambiswa neBluetooth.HidrateSpark 3 uye Thermos Smart Lid vane sensor iri pakati pebhodhoro, pamwe vachishandisa capacitive sensor, nepo HidrateSpark Steel neH2Opal vane sensor iri pasi, uchishandisa mutoro kana kudzvinyirira sensor.Nzvimbo ye sensor inoratidzwa mubhokisi dzvuku dashed muMufananidzo 1.MuThermos Smart Lid, sensor haigoni kusvika pasi pemudziyo.
Bhodhoro rega rega rinoedzwa muzvikamu zviviri: (1) chikamu chinodzorwa chekukweva uye (2) chikamu chemahara chekurarama. Muzvikamu zviviri izvi, mhedzisiro yakanyorwa nebhodhoro (yakawanikwa kubva pachigadzirwa nharembozha inoshandiswa paAndroid 11) yakaenzaniswa ne chokwadi chepasi chakawanikwa pachikero che5kg (Starfrit Electronic Kitchen Scale 93756).Mabhodhoro ese akaongororwa data risati raunganidzwa pachishandiswa app.Muchikamu chekutanga, sip sizes kubva pa10 mL kusvika 100mL ye10 mL kusvika 100mL yakayerwa zvisina tsarukano. kurongeka, zviyero zve 5 chimwe nechimwe, nokuda kwezviyero zve 50 pavhavha. Zviitiko izvi hazvisi zviitiko chaizvo zvekunwa muvanhu, asi zvinodururwa kuitira kuti huwandu hwese sip imwe neimwe inogona kudzorwa zviri nani. Panguva ino, recalibrate bhodhoro kana sip kukanganisa kwakakura kudarika 50 mL, uye gadzirisa zvakare kana purogiramu ikarasikirwa nebluetooth connection kune bhodhoro.Munguva yekusununguka-hupenyu hwehupenyu, mushandisi anonwa mvura akasununguka kubva mubhodhoro masikati, uye vanosarudza sips dzakasiyana.Ichi chikamu inosanganisirawo 50 sips nekufamba kwenguva, asi kwete yose mumutsara. Nokudaro, bhodhoro rimwe nerimwe rine dataset yezviyero zve100.
Kuti uone kunwa kwese kwemvura uye kuve nechokwadi chekuti hydration yezuva nezuva yakakodzera, zvinonyanya kukosha kuve neakarurama volumetric miyero yekudyara zuva rese (24 maawa) panzvimbo pese sip.Zvisinei, kuti uone kukurumidza kupindira cues, sip imwe neimwe inoda kuve nekukanganisa kwakaderera, sezvakaitwa muchidzidzo naConroy et al. 2 .Kana sip isina kunyorwa kana kunyorwa zvisina kunaka, zvakakosha kuti bhodhoro rikwanise kuenzanisa vhoriyamu pakurekodha kunotevera. Naizvozvo, kukanganisa (kuyerwa kwevhoriyamu - vhoriyamu chaiyo) inogadziriswa nemaoko.Semuyenzaniso, ngatiti nyaya yacho yakanwa gumi. mL uye bhodhoro rakashuma 0 mL, asi nyaya yacho yakanwa 20 mL uye bhodhoro rakashuma huwandu hwe30 mL, kukanganisa kwakagadziriswa kwaizova 0 mL.
Tafura 1 inoronga maitiro akasiyana-siyana ebhodhoro rega rega tichifunga nezvezvikamu zviviri (100 sips). The mean percent error (MPE) per sip, mean absolute error (MAE) per sip, uye cumulative MPE inoverengwa sezvinotevera:
apo \({S}_{act}^{i}\) uye \({S}_{est}^{i}\) ndiwo chaiwo uye anofungirwa kutora \({i}_{th}\ ) sip, uye \(n\) ndiyo nhamba yese ye sips.\({C}_{act}^{k}\) uye \({C}_{est}^{k}\) inomiririra kuunganidza yekupedzisira \(k\) sips.Sip MPE inotarisa kukanganisa kwezana kwese kunwa kwega kwega, ukuwo Cumulative MPE inotarisa kukanganisa kwese kwezana nekufamba kwenguva.Maererano nemigumisiro yeTafura 1, H2OPal ine nhamba yakaderera marekodhi akarasika, yakaderera Sip MPE, uye yakaderera yakawedzera MPE.Kukanganisa kunoreva kuri nani pane kunoreva mhosho yakakwana (MAE) sekuenzanisa metric pakusarudza kutorwa kwese nekufamba kwenguva.Nekuti inoratidza kugona kwebhodhoro kupora kubva pazviyero zvisina kunaka pamusoro. nguva ichirekodha zviyero zvinotevera.Iyo sip MAE inosanganiswawo mumashandisirwo apo kunyatsoita sip imwe neimwe kwakakosha nokuti inoverenga kukanganisa kwakakwana kwese sip.Cumulative MPE inoyerawo kuti zviyero zvakaenzanirana sei muchikamu uye hazvirangi a kunwa kamwe chete.Kumwe kucherechedzwa kwaiva kuti 3 pamabhodhoro mana akarerutsa huwandu hwehuwandu hwekutora pamuromo unoratidzwa muTafura 1 nenhamba dzisina kunaka.
I-R-squared Pearson coefficients coefficients yemabhodhoro ose inoratidzwawo muTebhu 1.HidrateSpark 3 inopa iyo yepamusoro-soro coefficient.Kunyange zvazvo HidrateSpark 3 ine mamwe marekodhi asipo, mazhinji acho miromo midiki (Bland-Altman plot iri muFigure 2 inotsinhirawo kuti HidrateSpark 3 ine diki diki diki rechibvumirano (LoA) kana ichienzaniswa nemamwe mabhodhoro matatu. LoA range, iyo inosimbisa kuti bhodhoro iri rinopa migumisiro inowirirana, sezvakaratidzwa muMufananidzo 2c.Zvisinei, maitiro akawanda ari pasi pe zero, izvo zvinoreva kuti saizi ye sip inowanzotarisirwa. uko kwakawanda kwekukanganisa kwakashata. Naizvozvo, mabhodhoro maviri aya anopa yakanyanya MPE uye yakawedzera MPE ichienzaniswa neH2Opal uye Thermos Smart Lid, ine zvikanganiso zvakagoverwa pamusoro uye pazasi 0, sezvakaratidzwa muFig. 2a, d.
Bland-Altman plots of (a) H2OPal, (b) HidrateSpark Steel, (c) HidrateSpark 3 uye (d) Thermos Smart Lid.Mutsetse wakatsetseka unomiririra nguva yekusavimbika yakatenderedza chirevo, yakaverengerwa kubva pakutsauswa kwakajairwa muTable 1.
HidrateSpark Steel neH2OPal vaive nemaitiro akafanana ekutsauka kwe20.04 mL uye 21.41 mL, zvakateerana.Figure 2a,b inoratidzawo kuti hunhu hweHidrateSpark Steel hunogara huchitenderedza pazvinoreva, asi kazhinji gara mukati meLoA dunhu, nepo H2Opal iine humwe hunhu. kunze kwenharaunda yeLoA.Kutsauka kwepamusoro kweThermos Smart Lid kwaiva 35.42 mL, uye zvinopfuura 10% zvezviyero zvaiva kunze kwenharaunda yeLoA inoratidzwa muMufananidzo 2d. Iri bhodhoro rakapa Sip Mean Error diki uye diki Cumulative. MPE, kunyangwe paine marekodhi akashaikwa uye yakakura chiyero kutsauka.Thermos SmartLid ine yakawanda yakarasika rekodhi nekuti uswa hwe sensor hahupfuuri kusvika pasi pemudziyo, zvichikonzera kurekodha kwakarasika kana mvura yemukati iri pazasi pe sensor stick ( ~ 80 mL) .Izvi zvinofanirwa kutungamirira kune kuderedzwa kwekunwa kwemvura; zvisinei, Thermos ndiro chete bhodhoro rine MPE yakanaka uye Sip Mean Error, zvichireva kuti bhodhoro rakanyanyisa kunwa mvura. Saka, chikonzero Thermos 'avhareji sip kukanganisa kwakadzikira imhaka yekuti kuyerwa kwakanyanyisa kunenge bhodhoro rega rega. mavhareji, kusanganisira akawanda akapotsa sips asina kunyorwa zvachose (kana kuti "zvisingatarisirwi"), mugumisiro wepakati wakaenzana.Kana usingabatanidzi marekodhi akapotsa kubva pakuverenga, Sip Mean Error yakava +10.38 mL, ichisimbisa kufungidzira kukuru kwekamwe sip. .Kunyange zvazvo izvi zvingaita sezvakanaka, bhodhoro racho rinenge risina kururama mumunhu mumwe nomumwe sip inofungidzira uye isingavimbiki nokuti inoshaya zviitiko zvakawanda zvekunwa. Uyezve, sezvakaratidzwa muMufananidzo 2d, Thermos SmartLid inoratidzika kuwedzera kukanganisa nekuwedzera sip size.
Zvose mune zvose, H2OPal ndiyo yakanga yakanyatsonaka pakufungidzira sips nekufamba kwenguva, uye nzira yakavimbika yekuyera zvinyorwa zvakawanda.Thermos Smart Lid ndiyo yakanga isiri yakarurama uye yakashaya sips yakawanda kupfuura mamwe mabhodhoro.HidrateSpark 3 bhodhoro yakanga ine kukanganisa kwakanyanya. hunhu, asi takatarisira pasi sips mazhinji izvo zvakakonzera kusashanda zvakanaka nekufamba kwenguva.
Zvinoitika kuti bhodhoro rinogona kunge riine chimwe chigadziriso chinogona kubhadharwa nekushandisa calibration algorithm.Izvi ndezvechokwadi kunyanya kune HidrateSpark bhodhoro, iro rine diki diki kutsauka kwekukanganisa uye rinogara risingatarisire sip.A least squares (LS) nzira yakashandiswa nedanho rekutanga data asi isingabatanidzi chero marekodhi akashaikwa kuti awane kuregedzera uye kuwana kukosha.Iyo yakaguma equation yakashandiswa pakuita sip kuyera kuyerwa muchikamu chechipiri kuverenga kukosha chaiko uye kuona iyo calibrated kukanganisa.Tafura 2 inoratidza kuti calibration. yakavandudza Sip zvinoreva kukanganisa kwemabhodhoro maviri eHidrateSpark, asi kwete H2OPal kana Thermos Smart Lid.
Munguva yeChikamu 1 apo zviyero zvose zvinoitwa, bhodhoro rimwe nerimwe rinozadzwa kakawanda, saka MAE yakaverengwa inogona kuchinjwa nehuwandu hwekuzadza bhodhoro. huwandu hwese hwebhodhoro rega rega.Pakuyera kweChikamu 1, nzira imwe chete yeANOVA bvunzo yakaitwa kuti ione kana mazinga aive akasiyana zvakanyanya mukukanganisa zvachose.KuHidrateSpark 3 neSimbi, zvikanganiso zvezvikamu zvitatu hazvisi zvakasiyana zvakanyanya. Pakanga pane muganhu wakakosha musiyano (p Maviri-tailed t-test akaitwa kuti aenzanise nhanho 1 uye nhanho 2 zvikanganiso zvebhodhoro rimwe nerimwe. Takawana p> 0.05 pamabhodhoro ose, izvo zvinoreva kuti mapoka maviri aya akanga asina kunyanya kusiyana.Zvisinei, zvakaonekwa kuti mabhodhoro maviri eHidrateSpark yakarasikirwa nenhamba yepamusoro-soro yezvinyorwa muchikamu 2.Kune H2OPal, nhamba yezvinyorwa zvakarasika zvakada kuenzana (2 vs. 3), nepo Thermos SmartLid pakanga pane zvinyorwa zvishoma zvakapotsa (6 vs. 10) .Sezvo mabhodhoro eHidrateSpark akanga zvose zvakagadziridzwa mushure mekugadzirisa, t-test yakaitwawo mushure mekugadzirisa.KuHidrateSpark 3, pane musiyano mukuru mukukanganisa pakati peChikamu 1 neChikamu 2 (p = 0.046) .Izvi zvinowanzoitika nekuda kwenhamba yepamusoro yezvinyorwa zvisipo. muchikamu chechipiri zvichienzaniswa nechikamu chekutanga.
Ichi chikamu chinopa ruzivo pamusoro pekushandiswa kwebhodhoro uye kushandiswa kwayo, pamwe chete nedzimwe ruzivo rwekushanda.Kunyange zvazvo kurongeka kwebhodhoro kwakakosha, kushandiswa kwekushandisa kunokoshawo pakusarudza bhodhoro.
HidrateSpark 3 neHidrateSpark Steel dzakagadzirirwa mwenje we LED unoyeuchidza vashandisi kunwa mvura kana vakasazadzisa zvinangwa zvavo sezvavakaronga, kana kupenya kakati wandei pazuva (zvakaiswa nemushandisi).Anogona zvakare kusetwa kuti avheneke. nguva dzose mushandisi anonwa.H2OPal uye Thermos Smart Lid havana chero maonero ekuona ekuyeuchidza vashandisi kunwa mvura.Zvisinei, mabhodhoro ose akatengwa ane zviziviso zvefoni zvekuyeuchidza vashandisi kunwa kuburikidza ne app mobile.Nhamba yezviziviso pazuva inogona kuva yakagadzirirwa muHidrateSpark uye H2OPal zvikumbiro.
HidrateSpark 3 neSimbi zvinoshandisa mutsara maitiro kutungamira vashandisi nguva yekunwa mvura uye kupa chinangwa cheawa chinokurudzirwa icho vashandisi vanofanira kurova pakupera kwezuva.H2OPal neThermos Smart Lid zvinopa chete chinangwa chezuva nezuva.Mumabhodhoro ese, kana mudziyo haina kubatanidzwa kuapp kuburikidza nebluetooth, iyo data ichachengetwa munharaunda uye kuwiriraniswa mushure mekubatanidza.
Hapana rimwe remabhodhoro mana rinotarisa hydration kune vakwegura.Kuwedzera, maitiro emabhodhoro anoshandisa kugadzirisa zvinangwa zvemazuva ose ekudya hazviwanikwi, zvichiita kuti zvive zvakaoma kuziva kana zvakakodzera kune vanhu vakuru.Mazhinji emabhodhoro aya makuru uye anorema uye kwete. zvakagadzirirwa vakuru.Kushandiswa kwemafoni ekufambisa kunogonawo kunge kusina kunaka kune vanhu vakuru, kunyange zvingave zvakakosha kuti vatsvakurudzi vatore data vari kure.
Mabhodhoro ose haakwanisi kuona kana mvura yakapedzwa, yakaraswa kana kuti yakadururwa.Mabhodhoro ose anodawo kuiswa pamusoro pemvura mushure mekuputika kwega kwega kuti anyore zvakarurama kutora.Izvi zvinoreva kuti zvinwiwa zvinogona kushaikwa kana bhodhoro risina kuiswa, kunyanya kana refilling.
Chimwe chinodzikisira ndechekuti mudziyo unofanirwa kupetwa nguva nenguva neapp kuti uenderane data.Thermos yaida kupetwa pese paivhurwa app, uye bhodhoro reHidrateSpark raiwanzonetsa kuwana Bluetooth yekubatanidza.H2OPal iri nyore. kubatanidza zvakare neapp kana chinongedzo chikarasika.Mabhodhoro ese anoyerwa kusati kwatanga kuyedzwa uye anofanirwa kudzokororwa kanenge kamwe panguva yekuitwa.Bhodhoro reHidrateSpark neH2OPal zvinofanirwa kudururwa uye kuzadzwa zvizere kuti zvigadziriswe.
Mabhodhoro ese haana sarudzo yekurodha kana kuchengetedza data kwenguva refu.Uyewo, hapana kana chimwe chazvo chinogona kuwanikwa kuburikidza neAPI.
HidrateSpark 3 neH2OPal vanoshandisa mabhatiri e-lithium-ion anotsiviwa, HidrateSpark Steel uye Thermos SmartLid vanoshandisa mabhatiri anochajika.Sezvakataurwa nemugadziri, bhatiri rinochajiswa rinofanirwa kugara kusvika kumavhiki maviri pakuchaja yakazara, zvisinei, rinofanirwa kukwizwa pasvondo rega rega paunenge uchishandisa. iyo Thermos SmartLid yakawandisa.Ichi chidziviso sezvo vanhu vazhinji vasingazoyeuke kudzosera bhodhoro nguva nenguva.
Pane zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinogona kukanganisa kusarudzwa kwebhodhoro rakachenjera, kunyanya kana mushandisi ari munhu akwegura.Kurema uye huwandu hwebhodhoro chinhu chinokosha sezvo inoda kuva nyore kushandiswa nevakwegura vasina simba.Sezvakataurwa kare, mabhodhoro aya haana kugadzirirwa vakuru.Mutengo uye huwandu hwemvura pabhodhoro zvakare chimwe chinhu.Tafura 3 inoratidza urefu, uremu, huwandu hwemvura uye mutengo webhodhoro rimwe nerimwe.Thermos Smart Lid ndiyo yakachipa uye yakareruka sezvairi. yakagadzirwa zvachose nepurasitiki yakareruka.Inotakurawo zvinwiwa zvakawanda zvichienzaniswa nemamwe mabhodhoro matatu.Kusiyana, H2OPal ndiyo yakanga yakareba, yairema uye inodhura zvikuru pamabhodhoro etsvakurudzo.
Mabhodhoro akangwara anotengeswa anotengeswa anobatsira vaongorori nekuti hapana chikonzero chekufananidza michina mitsva.Kunyangwe paine mabhodhoro emvura akawanda akangwara aripo, dambudziko rinonyanya kunetsa nderekuti vashandisi havawani data kana masaini mambishi, uye zvimwe chete zvinobuda. inoratidzwa mu mobile app.Pane chido chekugadzira bhodhoro rakangwara rinoshandiswa zvakanyanya nehupamhi hwepamusoro uye data inowanikwa zvakakwana, kunyanya imwe yakagadzirirwa vakwegura.Pamabhodhoro mana akaedzwa, H2OPal kunze kwebhokisi yakanga ine Sip MPE yakaderera, yakawedzera MPE, uye nhamba yezvakarekodhwa zvakarasika.HidrateSpark 3 ine mutsara wepamusoro-soro, diki diki kutsauka uye yakaderera MAE.HidrateSpark Steel neHidrateSpark 3 inogona kungogadziriswa nemaoko kuderedza Sip zvinoreva kukanganisa uchishandisa nzira yeLS.Kuti uwane mamwe marekodhi sip akarurama, iyo HidrateSpark 3 ndiro bhodhoro rekusarudza, nepo kune zvimwe zviyero zvinopindirana nekufamba kwenguva, H2OPal ndiyo yekutanga sarudzo.Thermos SmartLid yakanga ine zvishoma yakavimbika kushanda, yakanga ine sips yakanyanya kupotsa, uye overestimated mumwe sips.
Chidzidzo chacho hachina miganhu.Muzviitiko zvepasirese, vashandisi vazhinji vanonwa kubva kune mamwe midziyo, kunyanya zvinwiwa zvinopisa, zvinwiwa zvinotengwa muchitoro, uye doro.Basa remangwana rinofanira kuongorora kuti chimiro chebhodhoro chimwe nechimwe chinokanganisa sei kukanganisa kutungamira kugadzirwa kwebhodhoro remvura rakangwara. .
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Basa iri rakatsigirwa neCanadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) Foundation Grant (FDN-148450) .Dr. Fernie akagamuchira mari seCreaghan Sachigaro weMhuri Dziviriro uye Medical Technology.
Kite Institute, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute - University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
Conceptualization - RC; Nzira - RC, AR; Kunyora – Manuscript Preparation – RC, AR; Kunyora – Ongorora uye Kugadzirisa, GF, AR; Kutarisira - AR, GF Vese vanyori vakaverenga uye vanobvumirana nerunyoro rwakaburitswa vhezheni.
Springer Nature inoramba isina kwayakarerekera maererano nekutonga kwemamepu akadhindwa uye masangano akabatana.
Vhura Kupinda Ichi chinyorwa chinopihwa rezinesi pasi peCreative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, iyo inobvumira kushandiswa, kugovana, kuchinjisa, kugovera, uye kubereka mune chero svikiro kana fomati, chero iwe uchipa chikwereti chakakodzera kumunyori wekutanga uye kunobva, uchipa rezinesi reCreative Commons. , uye kuratidza kana shanduko yaitwa.Mifananidzo kana zvimwe zvinhu zvebato rechitatu zviri muchinyorwa chino zvinosanganisirwa pasi perezenisi reCreative Commons rechinyorwa, kunze kwekunge zvaratidzwa mumakiredhiti ezvinyorwa.Kana zvinyorwa zvisina kubatanidzwa muCreative Commons. rezenisi rechinyorwa uye kushandisa kwaunenge wada kushandisa hazvibvumidzwe nemutemo kana murau kana kudarika zvinobvumidzwa, unozofanirwa kuwana mvumo zvakananga kubva kumuridzi wekodzero. Kuti uone kopi yerezinesi iri, shanyira http://creativecommons.org/licenses /ne/4.0/.
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Nekutumira mhinduro, unobvuma kutevedzera Mitemo yedu neMitemo Yenharaunda. Kana ukaona zvinonyadzisira kana zvinyorwa zvisingaenderane nemirau yedu kana mirau, ndapota itake seisina kufanira.